Hamedan: as one of the six cultural historical city in Iran with numerous alluring natural scenes and places, Hamedan in considered to be one of the distinguished poles. Herodotus, the father of history, said: “ Hamedan used to be the first capital city of Median kings” giving also the names of Amdaneh, Hegmataneh, and Ekbatan to Hamedan indicates this land’s clear era of ancient history. Set in the foothills of Alvand Mountain that form part of the Zagross mountain range, is one of Iran’s oldest cities. (7000 years of age).  Its altitude of almost 6000 feet means that the winters are severs, however its summer climate is delightful.

PLACES OF INTEREST:

1-GANJ-NAMEH (A Historical Relief): In the city’s suburb, at the end of the beautiful Abbassabad valley, there are two inscriptions on the rocks of Mount Alvand. One of them had been carved at the time of king Darius and the others at the time of king Khashyarshah, and their contents praise God, Ahura Mazda, list the lineage of the monarchs and pray for their country’s safety.

2-GONBAD-E-ALAVIAN: This is the most important Islamic monument in Hamedan. It is a square building of Seljuk period with a masterly stucco interior. This building has a crypt containing the tombs of two members of the Alavid family.

3-MAUSOLEUM OF ESTHER & MORDECAI: These are the tombs of two Jewish people whose names appear in the Old Testament. The building is made with bricks and stone on the graves of Khashayarshah’s wife (Esther) and her uncle (Mordecai). There are antique wooden boxes and manuscripts of the Old Testament inside the building.

4- THE TOMB & STATUE OF THE WORLD WELLKNOWN IRANIAN MEDICIN MAN,”AVECINNA”: The tomb of great Iranian scientist, who is teaching his medicine scientists in the world most important universities, Avicenna, is in Hamedan with a building and dome built 1954. He died in 1307 ADThere is a library with a number of manuscripts in this building. The tomb of “Aref” the Qajar period poet is located in the courtyard.

5- THE TOMB OF BABA-TAHER: Baba Taher was a romantic couplet writer. His great mystic’s tomb has been built in a beautiful park northwest of Hamedan in recent year.

6- SHIR-E-SANGI (STONE LION)

Hamedan has been the land of great heroes and scientists: Cyrus thr great grew up here, Pharaortes was executed here. The stone lion is a Partian monument that was originally made like a lion. It is believed that once there was a counterpart for this monument. The stony lion had been built for heroes as gravestone.

7- JAMEE MOSQUE: The devotedly faithful people of Hamedan have always paid respectful attention to holy shrines. There are several mosques, mausoleums, and shrine in Hamedan.The Jamee mosque is a landmark in the category of religious sites.

8- SOUVENIRS: Hamedan has always been well known for handicrafts like leather and ceramic works; as well as for its beautiful carpets. The carpets and rugs of Hamedan are famous for their quality, beautiful design and colors.

The art of ceramic is centered in the village of lalejin in the vicinity of Hamedan. There are several ceramic workshops and numerous skilful artists that creat the most beautiful and colorful ceramic ware in great numbers. Visiting one of these workshops can be one of the best parts of a tour in Hamedan.

9-ALI-SADR CAVE:
This cave is the only pond cavern in Iran and one of the rare ones in the world which is located under the heights of Sari Ghayeh situated on the 48th degrees and 28 minutes parallel of longitude and on the 35 degrees and 18 minutes parallel of latitude and the approximate altitude of 2100 Meters above the sea level.

This information was the first motivation for a group of Hamadani mountain climbers to embark on exploring in the year’s 1962-1963.This measure later continued during the years 1966-1967 by the group of climbers from Sinai -e- Hamedan completing the discovery. They put a larger entrance to the cave & foreign and Iranian researchers, archaeologists, and climbers and cave travelers immediately welcomed the news.

The Alisadr cave is geologically located in the construction units of western Iran between Sanandaj and Sirjan and in the northern outskirts of Zagros mountain range. The black crystallized calcareous component, which the Alisadr cave is made of, belongs to Jurassic era which had been deposited 150 million years ago in the then sea bed.

Pressure tensions were exerted at least in 2stages and in two directions the first one likely to be in the late 2nd era of geology that is a bout 70 million years ago and the other one in the middle of thr 3rd era of geology a bout 12to 29 million years ago and caused the creation of a network of faults, fissures and clefts.The existence of this network of faults,fissures and clefts on the region’s heights brought about a suitable bed for the influence of atmospheric downfalls amounting 300 cubic meters a year. The creation of stalactites and stalagmites in different cauliflower, acicular and umbrella forms waste result of separate and independent chain reactions. The first stage in the outside and on the surface of limestone was that the water resulted from atmospheric downfalls dissolved the environment in itself with the help of the physical function of carbonic gas.In the second stage,the water bearing carbonic gas by passing through the spaces of faults , fissures and clefts Chemically attacked the limestone due to its acidic property dissolving it in itself. Any change in the carbonic gas pressure disturbs the balance among carbonic anhydride, carbonates, and bicarbonates.
In this phase, water may be in the balanced conditions of making or dissolving sediments and finally the 3rd stage is the sedimentation of different carbonates and the reactions which from crystallography. That happens at the time when water has passed through the faults, fissures and clefts making sediments of calcite and aragonite crystals in the new space, that is the surface of the cave’s ceiling, as the temperature and pressure change in this way, the stalactites are formed and the materials dropped from the ciling shape the stalagmites. Evidently, the existence of oxides and different iron, magnesium, copper and other salts in stone would make the water which contains carbonates and bicarbonates look yellow ocher, purple red, brown, green and blue. The crystals would also add to the beauty of this Masterpiece of Mother Nature.

Rainfalls on the region’s heights depending directly on the low or high rainy years supply the amount of water flowing in the cave and on the other hand, the surface receiving atmospheric downfalls does not expand. Based on the measurement fluctuation of the water level, the depth of water changes from half a meter to one meter annually. The water is so limpid that one can see the depth of 10 meters in to the water with naked eyes and ordinary light.

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